Obesity and Fertility: How Weight Affects Your Chances of Conceiving
Learn how obesity affects fertility in women and men, plus practical tips to support a healthier weight and conception.
In short: Obesity, a body mass index above 30, weakens fertility in both partners. In women it causes hormone imbalance, insulin resistance, ovulation problems and a lining less receptive to embryos; in men it lowers testosterone and weakens sperm production and movement. The ideal index is between 18.5 and 24, and a balanced diet, exercise and enough sleep help to reach it.
What is the definition of obesity?
According to the World Health Organization, obesity is defined as having a body mass index (BMI) over 30. If you’re wondering whether your weight might be affecting your fertility journey, understanding this connection is an important first step.
It is well known that obesity is increasing globally due to changing dietary habits and decreased physical activity among most people. Therefore, obesity negatively affects fertility in both women and men.
How does obesity affect fertility in women?
- Increased body fat leads to higher estrogen levels, causing hormonal imbalances.
- Increased insulin resistance negatively impacts ovarian function.
- Affects the concentration of hormones secreted by the pituitary gland.
- Affects egg quality and maturation.
- Causes ovulation disruption.
- Disrupts endometrial receptors, affecting embryo implantation.
- Increases the risk of miscarriage.
How does obesity affect male fertility?
- It reduces testosterone levels.
- It affects sperm production, decreasing sperm count and negatively impacting sperm motility and morphology.
- It increases harmful oxidative stress in the body, leading to DNA damage in sperm.
- It can cause erectile dysfunction and decreased libido
What is the ideal body mass index (BMI) for fertility?
A BMI between 18.5 and 24 is generally considered ideal to support fertility.
What tips can help with weight loss?
- A healthy, balanced diet
- Focus on fruits and vegetables
- Reduce consumption of processed foods, fats, and sugars
- Get enough sleep
- Exercise regularly
- Use an insulin
Remember that losing even 5–10% of your body weight can restore ovulation and improve the chance of pregnancy. If you use weight-loss injections such as semaglutide, discuss this with your doctor, as they should be stopped at least two months before trying to conceive.-sensitizing medication if you have insulin resistance
If you and your partner are trying to conceive and have questions about how weight or other factors may be affecting your fertility, Dr. Najeeb Layyous and his team are here to guide you with personalized, compassionate care.
Dr Najeeb Layyous F.R.C.O.G
Consultant Obstetrician, Gynecologist and Infertility Specialist
I’d like to thank Dr. Najeeb Layyous and Dr. Alaa for the follow-up that led, God willing, to pregnancy. Truly among the best doctors, especially in their manner — respectful and dignified. And to the team — Lina, Dina and Shireen — outstanding at their work, gracious, and always smiling. Thank you all.