Egg Quality and Fertility: What Every Woman Should Know

In short: A good-quality egg has the correct number of chromosomes and can be fertilised and develop normally. The woman’s age is the most important factor affecting egg quality, and no test measures it directly in advance, although repeated IVF failure or repeated miscarriage may point to it. A healthy lifestyle, and asking the doctor about supplements, help to support it.

Egg quality refers to how healthy and genetically normal an egg is. It plays a central role in fertility, as it directly affects the chances of conception, healthy embryo development, and a successful pregnancy.

What makes an egg “high quality”?

• It has the correct number of chromosomes
• It has a high potential to be fertilized
• It is able to divide normally and form a healthy embryo

What does poor egg quality look like?

An egg may be considered to have lower quality if it:

• Fails to fertilize
• Stops developing at an early stage
• Leads to miscarriage
• Results in genetic or chromosomal conditions

Why does egg quality matter so much?

Egg quality plays a key role in:

• The success of fertilization
• Healthy embryo development
• Higher chances of implantation
• Healthier pregnancy outcomes

What is the biggest factor affecting egg quality?

Age is the most important factor. As women get older, a higher proportion of their eggs are likely to have chromosomal issues, which is why fertility naturally declines with age.

Is there a test for egg quality?

Unfortunately, there is no direct test that can measure egg quality before fertilization is attempted. However, doctors can assess it indirectly through:

• Embryo development in the lab
• Genetic testing of embryos
• Previous fertility or IVF outcomes

Signs that may suggest reduced egg quality

• Recurrent IVF failure
• Recurrent miscarriage
• Poor embryo development during IVF
• Advanced maternal age

Can egg quality be improved?

While there is no guaranteed way to improve egg quality, certain healthy habits may help support overall reproductive health:

• Eating a balanced, healthy diet
• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Getting good quality sleep
• Reducing stress levels
• Avoiding smoking
• Avoiding alcohol
• Taking supplements such as folic acid and vitamin D, as advised by your doctor

What if egg quality is significantly reduced?

In some cases, egg donation may be considered as an option, depending on the country’s laws and regulations. It is important to note that egg donation is illegal in many countries and is viewed as ethically or religiously unacceptable in some societies. Every patient’s personal beliefs, traditions, and religious values should always be respected when discussing fertility options.

If you have concerns about your egg quality or fertility, speaking with a specialist can help you understand your options and the next steps that may be right for you.

Dr Najeeb Layyous F.R.C.O.G

Consultant Obstetrician, Gynecologist and Infertility Specialist